Translation and Gender: Study Persian Literary Translation Texts of Fe/male Translators under the Influence of Feminism

تخفیف ویژه

Abstract

This paper is part of a corpus-based research on gender in translation aimed at showing how feminist movements and theories are used in the translation of literary texts from English into Persian. Drawing upon feminist theories of language and translation and feminist practices in translation, it is our intention to show how gender is manipulated in translation in an attempt to define feminist translation strategies. Translating a feminist text does not necessarily imply that the translator working on that text is a feminist. In Iran, moreover, it is very hard to find cases of declared feminist translators as compared to other countries. Our interest, therefore, lies in the possibility to frame specific strategies as feminist and to see if in the corpus of texts we are analyzing they are carried out or not.

Keywords: gender, gender studies, feminism, feminist translation, footnoting, hijacking, patriarchy, translation strategies

Table of Contents

AcknowledgmentVI

AbstractVII

Table of ContentsVIII                                     Chapter One: Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction2

1.2 Background of the Problem 6

1.3 Significance of Study7

1.4 Research Questions7

1.5 Research Hypothesis 7

1.6 Theoretical Framework8

1.7 Limitations of the Study8

1.8 Definitions of Key Terms10

Chapter Two: Review of the Related Literature12

2.1 What is Gender? 13

2.2 Types of Gender 20

2.2.1 Grammatical and Pronominal Gender 20

2.2.2 Social Gender22

2.3 Distinction of Gender23

2.4 Translation and Gender25

2.5   History of Feminism29

2.6   Feminism in The West35

2.6.1 French Feminism35

       2.6.2 American Feminism40

2.6.3 British Feminism.42

2.7   Waves of Feminism44

2.7.1 The First Wave of Feminism44

2.7.2 The Second Wave of Feminism46

2.7.3 The Third Wave of Feminism47

2.8   Feminism in The East49

2.8.1 Feminism in the Middle East49

2.8.2 Feminism in Asia51

2.8.3 Feminism in Iran52

2.8.4 Feminism in Islam55

Chapter 3: Methodology58

3.1   Feminism and Translation59

3.2   Strategies of Feminists Translation66

         3.2.1 According to Louise Von Flotow67

3.2.1.1 Supplementing67

3.2.1.2 Footnoting and Prefacing 68

3.2.1.3 Hijacking69

3.2.2 According to Massardier-Kenney70

3.2.2.1 Author-centered Strategies70

3.2.2.2 Translator-centered Strategies72

3.3 Other Related Strategies73

Chapter Four: Data Analysis79

4.1 Background 80

4.2 Collecting Date83

4.3 Samples of Hijacking84

4.3.1 Tess of D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy84

4.3.2 Unaccustomed Earth by Jhumpa Lahiri88

4.3.3 Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf89

4.3.4 Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen91

4.3.5 Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte92

4.3.6 A Thousands Splendid Suns by Khalid Husseini93

4.4 Footnoting95

Chapter Five: Conclusion and Implications96

5.1 Conclusion97

5.2 Suggestion for Further Studies101

5.3 Cited Works 102

5.4 Bibliography104

5.5 Further Reading124

5.6 Definitions126